Опрелости у новорожденного. Причины, особенности развития, лечение
Рождение ребенка — не только радостный момент, но и начало ответственного периода, ведь новорожденные дети нуждаются в особом внимании. Уход за грудным малышом требует довольно большого количества специфических мероприятий, наиболее важным из которых является как профилактический уход, так и лечение опрелостей, которые возникают довольно часто.
Опрелости у ребенка: причины и особенности развития
Появление у новорожденного малыша опрелостей является довольно распространенным явлением, с которым сталкиваются практически все молодые мамы, даже, если они с особым вниманием ухаживают за ребенком и используют большое количество необходимых средств.
Практически невозможно избежать такой неприятности, которая может возникать по самым разнообразным причинам.
Важно помнить, что у младенцев очень нежная и тонкая кожа, которая является одним из самых уязвимых и чувствительных органов, поэтому она нуждается в повышенном внимании и уходе.
В результате высокой всасываемости, именно через кожу в организм могут проникать самые разнообразные инфекции и вредные вещества. Близко к поверхности кожного покрова расположены кровеносные сосуды, а в случае перегревания начинается процесс испарения влаги.
Если за кожей новорожденного ребенка ухаживать неправильно, очень скоро начнут появляться опрелости, которые приносят дискомфорт не только малышу, но и ненужное волнение родителям.
Опрелость – это воспаленный участок кожи, появиться который может в результате длительного воздействия трения либо продолжительного контакта с водой. Чаще всего опрелости появляются на тех участках тела, где имеются складочки кожи – к примеру, локти, шея, пах, область за ушами, подмышечные и подколенные зоны.
Сегодня врачи выделяют 3 основные степени опрелостей:
- 1-я степень – происходит незначительное, практически незаметное покраснение кожного покрова, при этом не наблюдается нарушения его целостности;
- 2-я степень – проявляются более ярко выраженные покраснения кожи, при этом на ее поверхности могут появиться микротрещины, довольно болезненные язвочки;
- 3 –я степень – в области поражения проявляются мокрые трещинки, есть язвочки, возможно образование на поверхности кожи болезненных гнойничков.
У детей, появившиеся опрелости, вызывают довольно сильное чувство жжения и зуда. Ощущая болезненность, малыши начинают вести себя очень беспокойно, постоянно плачут. Очень важно, чтобы было начато не только своевременное, но и правильное лечение.
Для того чтобы появилась возможность полностью убрать опрелости, необходимо точно установить причину, которая спровоцировала их появление.
Чаще всего у грудных детей опрелости появляются по следующим причинам:
Опрелости у новорожденных: лечение
Если у ребенка появились опрелости, стоит больше внимания уделять уходу за кожей – надо вовремя менять пеленки либо подгузники, чтобы нежная кожа не контактировала с влагой. Важно помнить, что пеленки должны меняться сразу же после того, как малыш пописал, а подгузники каждые 3 ч.
После смены подгузника, надо обмыть ребенка в теплой воде, после чего просушить кожу мягким полотенцем либо сухой пеленкой, при этом особое внимание должно уделяться именно областям со складочками, в которых может оставаться влага.
Значительно ускоряется заживление опрелостей в случае регулярных воздушных ванн – достаточно будет всего 15 мин в день, после чего все складочки обрабатываются специальным кремом либо мазью от опрелостей, которые может выписать врач.
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Подробнее…
Крем от опрелостей: как подобрать правильно?
Если опрелости на протяжении долгого времени не проходят, есть необходимость в применении специальных мазей, которые можно приобрести практически в любой аптеке.
Чаще всего врачи рекомендуют использовать такие препараты как Судокрем, Бепантен, Драполен, Деситин.
Если крема не помогают, при этом происходит ухудшение состояния ребенка – покраснения становятся более яркими, на коже появляются трещинки и язвочки, есть необходимость в обращении за помощью к детскому педиатру.
После осмотра малыша, врач может назначить применение смеси, полученной из окиси цинка и талька. Она производится в рецептурном отделе аптеки, также возможно назначение таниновой мази, метилурациновой мази, гелиомициновой мази.
Эти средства даютподсушивающий эффект, при этом результативно и быстро устраняют не только покраснения, но и эрозии. В некоторых случаях лечение опрелостей у новорожденных детей может проводиться и при помощи облучения пораженных участков ультрафиолетом.
Язвы и гнойнички рекомендуется смазывать зеленкой.Также значительно улучшить состояние ребенка помогут и ежедневные ванны с добавлением слабого раствора марганцовки либо лечебных отваров (из ромашки, коры дуба, календулы).
Важно помнить, что даже незначительные опрелости, которые не будут вылечены, могут привести к серьезному поражению кожи, а также появлению разнообразных кожных инфекций и дерматита.
Для того чтобы не пришлось лечить опрелости у новорожденного, стоит придерживаться довольно простых правил профилактики:
- Регулярная и тщательная гигиена – лучший способ предотвращения недуга;
- В грудничковый период использовать одноразовые памперсы рекомендуется только во время продолжительных прогулок, а во все остальное время лучше всего применять марлевые подгузники;
- Регулярно менять мокрые пеленки (примерно 8-11 раз в сутки), при этом смена памперсов должна происходить каждые 3 ч;
- Применять специальные средства гигиены, которые должны быть хорошего качества (крема, масло, присыпки);
- Летом сушить одежду на солнце;
- Использовать для стирки и полоскания вещей специальные средства, предназначенные для детской одежды;
- Детское белье, в обязательном порядке надо проглаживать с 2-х сторон;
- Полезно регулярное купание новорожденного ребенка в ванночках с добавлением слабого раствора марганцовки.
Многие современные молодые мамы привыкли использовать специальные детские крема и салфетки. Важно помнить, что эти средства не способны заменить полноценного подмывания ребенка, которое лежит в основе ежедневной гигиены. Если малыш сходил в туалет, применение влажных салфеток может спровоцировать появление довольно сильной аллергической реакции. Именно поэтому к данному средству можно прибегать только в очень редких случаях.
Читайте также:
- Как лечить диатез у ребенка?
- Как сшить для новорожденных марлевые подгузники: общие аспекты
На протяжении дня не надо слишком часто смазывать кожу ребенка специальным детским кремом. Дело в том, что это может привести к потере естественных защитных функций кожи малыша.
Опрелости часто беспокоят новорожденных малышей. Они появляются по различным причинам, основная из которых – недостаточное соблюдение личной гигиены ребенка. Чтобы предотвратить неприятность, достаточно строго придерживаться правил по уходу за кожей крохи. Если же опрелости все же появились, желательно обсудить их лечение с врачом-педиатром.
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